Symptoms may include:

• Visible spinal curvature or uneven shoulders/hips

• Chronic back pain or fatigue

• Difficulty walking or breathing (in severe cases)

• Numbness or weakness in limbs

Common causes include:

• Congenital spinal defects (from birth)

• Neuromuscular conditions (like cerebral palsy)

• Spinal trauma or injury

• Degenerative diseases (e.g., arthritis)

• Poor posture or untreated childhood deformities

Non-Surgical Treatment:

• Bracing (especially in growing children)

• Physiotherapy and posture correction

• Pain management and monitoring

Surgical Treatment:

• Spinal fusion

• Instrumentation and rod placement

• Osteotomy (removal of a bone wedge to realign the spine)

• Decompression if nerves are compressed

Prevention & Lifestyle Tips

• Maintain proper posture from a young age

• Regular physical activity and back strengthening exercises

• Early screening in children for spinal curvatures

• Avoid heavy lifting without support

• Seek early treatment for any back pain or visible deformity