Symptoms:

• Chronic neck or lower back pain

• Stiffness or reduced flexibility

• Radiating pain to arms or legs

• Numbness, tingling, or muscle weakness

• Difficulty standing or walking for long periods

Causes:

• Aging and disc dehydration

• Repetitive movements or heavy lifting

• Poor posture or spinal alignment

• Smoking, obesity, or sedentary lifestyle

• Genetic predisposition

Non-Surgical Treatment:

• Physiotherapy and spinal exercises

• Anti-inflammatory medications

• Epidural steroid or nerve root injections

• Bracing and lifestyle guidance

Surgical (if needed) Treatment:

• Decompression surgery

• Discectomy or laminectomy

• Spinal fusion or stabilization procedures

• Minimally invasive spine surgery

Prevention & Management Tips:

• Maintain good posture while sitting and lifting

• Stay active with back-strengthening exercises

• Maintain healthy body weight

• Avoid smoking and prolonged sitting

• Get regular checkups for early detection